Skip to content
Snippets Groups Projects
README.md 4.46 KiB
Newer Older
Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
# Plotting membrane speakers
Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
## Overview

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
Project for wire plotting of membrane speakers.  for wildcard week in mas.836 2018
Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
- Sam Calisch
- Elena Chong
- Zijun Wei
Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
- Victoria Shen
Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
We will use a custom magnet wire plotting tool for the Zund cutter to plot coils for audio speakers.
Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed

<img src="https://calischs.pages.cba.mit.edu/kiri-tww/img/flatcoil/flatcoil-40awg-small.mp4" width=600px>

<img src="https://calischs.pages.cba.mit.edu/kiri-tww/img/flatcoil/flatcoil-40awg-microscope.jpg" height=250px>
<img src="https://gitlab.cba.mit.edu/calischs/kiri-tww/raw/master/img/flatcoil/flatcoil-cut.jpg" height=250px>

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
## TODO

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
- ~~waterjet steel layers~~
Elena Chong Loo's avatar
Elena Chong Loo committed
- ~~laser cut shim layer (500um? 1mm?). (elena)~~
Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
- test heat+vacuum for membrane layers (sam)
Elena Chong Loo's avatar
Elena Chong Loo committed
- ~~verify magnet orientations with gaussmeter.~~
- ~~modify coil cutout to extend beyond frame for easy stretching, run job (sam)~~
Elena Chong Loo's avatar
Elena Chong Loo committed
- ~~solder leads (mount RCA jack?) (victoria)~~
- ~~test with audio amp~~
Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed

optional
- do a version with 1/16" magnets and 1/16" phenolic layer
Elena Chong Loo's avatar
Elena Chong Loo committed
- do a couple more iteration and polish final product
Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed

## Simulation

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
Two approaches: Coil-magnet, and coil-coil.

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
### Coil-coil

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
The coil-coil topology relies on coils to generate all magnetic fields, not just the time varying one.

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
<a href='comsol/coil-coil-speaker.mph'>comsol file</a>

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
<img src="img/coil-coil-flux.png" height=200px>
Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
<img src="img/coil-coil-force.png" height=200px>
Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
### Magnet-coil
Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
The coil-magnet topology (planar magnetic) is used for some high end headphones.  It can produce significantly more force than coil-coil, even with very thin magnets.

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
<a href='comsol/magnet-coil-speaker.mph'>comsol file</a>

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
<img src="img/magnet-coil-flux.png" height=300px>
<img src="img/magnet-coil-force.png" height=300px>
Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
#### magnet grids

In our meeting this morning, we talked about how rod magnets are more widely available than long, thin bar magnets, and that making grids of rod magnets could make assembly really easy and offer design freedom.  Below are two sketches of square and hex grids with coils routed to capture perpendicular flux.  Magnets are blue circles, all closest pairs have opposite polarity.

<img src="img/square-grid.png" height=400px>
<img src="img/hex-grid.png" height=400px>

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
The design below has rotational symmetry, which may help flatten its frequency response.
Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
<img src="img/hex-spiral-screenshot.png" height=400px>
<img src="img/hex-spiral-coil.jpg" height=400px>
Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
Watching the coils being plotted is fun:

<img src="img/hex-spiral-plotting.mp4" height=400px>

Elena Chong Loo's avatar
Elena Chong Loo committed
## Design and Fabrication

Elena Chong Loo's avatar
Elena Chong Loo committed
### Long coil for testing

First, we decided to start off with making a rectangular frame for clamping firmly the membrane (wire plotting on 25 micron kapton tape) that Sam initially designed for another project of his.
Elena Chong Loo's avatar
Elena Chong Loo committed

Elena Chong Loo's avatar
Elena Chong Loo committed
<img src= "img/wireplotting1.jpg" height=400px>
Elena Chong Loo's avatar
Elena Chong Loo committed
<img src= "img/wireplotting2.jpg" height=400px>  

The initial frame that we designed contained pockets on each side for placing the "rubber" that will create friction between the frame plates. 

<img src= "img/wireplotting4.jpg" height=400px>  

We used the Epilog Lasercutter to lasercut the frames on 1/8" acrylic sheet.  

<img src= "img/wireplotting3.jpg" height=400px>  

For the pocket, we used 60% speed, 100% power, and 200ppi, for the outline of the frame we used 3% speed, 100% power, and 200ppi.  

Elena Chong Loo's avatar
Elena Chong Loo committed
<img src= "img/wireplotting5.jpg" height=400px>
Elena Chong Loo's avatar
Elena Chong Loo committed

One of the resulting frame looked like the picture below:

<img src= "img/wireplotting6.jpg" height=400px>  

We used Crazy Glue to glue the rubber in place.  

Elena Chong Loo's avatar
Elena Chong Loo committed
<img src= "img/wireplotting7.jpg" height=400px>
Elena Chong Loo's avatar
Elena Chong Loo committed

For the first attempt, we just placed the membrane between the two plates and used a few M4 screws to clamp it.

Elena Chong Loo's avatar
Elena Chong Loo committed
<img src= "img/wireplotting8.jpg" height=400px>
Elena Chong Loo's avatar
Elena Chong Loo committed

We noticed that the acrylic is not a good material for exerting pressure. It started bending, which defied its purpose.

Elena Chong Loo's avatar
Elena Chong Loo committed
<img src= "img/wireplotting9.jpg" height=400px>
Elena Chong Loo's avatar
Elena Chong Loo committed

A bird view of membrane clamped with the long rectangular frame.

Elena Chong Loo's avatar
Elena Chong Loo committed
<img src= "img/wireplotting10.jpg" height=400px>
Elena Chong Loo's avatar
Elena Chong Loo committed
### Magnet-Coil Hexagonal design



Elena Chong Loo's avatar
Elena Chong Loo committed
## Testing
Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed

Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
## Links:
Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed

- [Planar magnetic headphones](https://www.innerfidelity.com/content/how-planar-magnetic-headphones-work)
- [Ben Katz's Planar magnetic headphones pt. 1](http://build-its-inprogress.blogspot.com/2017/08/planar-magnetic-headphones-part-1.html)
- [Ben Katz's Planar magnetic headphones pt. 2](http://build-its-inprogress.blogspot.com/2017/09/planar-magnetic-headphones-part-2.html)
Sam Calisch's avatar
Sam Calisch committed
- [Applied Science magnetics video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UFKl9fULkA)